Belajar Bahasa Inggris3

3. Present Progressive/Continuous

Present Progressive/Continuous

Summary
Use
Signal words
Form of affirmative, negative senences and questions
Spelling
Special verbs
Diagram
Long forms and short forms
Present Progressive - Complex Test 1 Complex Test 2
Exercises - Present Progressive

Present Progressive - Use
1) actions happening at the moment of speaking
Peter is reading a book now.

2) fixed plan in the near future
She is going to Basel on Saturday

3) temporary actions
His father is working in Rome this month.

4) actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions)
My friend is preparing for his exams.

5) trends
More and more people are using their computers to listen to music

6) repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)
Andrew is always coming late.

Signal words
now, at the moment, Look! Listen!

Form
to be (am, are, is) + infinitive + -ing

Examples
Affirmative sentences:
I am playing football.
I'm playing football. You are playing football.
You're playing football.

Negative sentences:
I am not playing football.
I'm not playing football. You are not playing football.
You're not playing football.
You aren't playing football.

Questions:
Am I playing football? Are you playing football?

Belajar Bahasa Inggris2

2. Simple Past/Past Simple
Simple Past
Summary
Use
Signal words
Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions
Spelling
Special verbs
Diagram
Pronunciation of the ending -ed
Simple Past - Complex Test 1
Exercises - Simple Past
Exercises - Irregular verbs
Use
1) action finished in the past
I visited Berlin last week.
2) series of completed actions in the past
First I got up, then I had breakfast

3) together with the Past Progressive/Continuous - The Simple Past interrupted an action which was in progress in the past.
They were playing cards when the telephone rang.
Signal words
yesterday, last week, a month ago, in 2002
Form
- with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed
- with irregular verbs: 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs
Examples
Affirmative sentences:
regular verbs irregular verbs
I played football. I went to the cinema.
We visited Alaska last year. We were in Rome yesterday.
Negative sentences:
You must not negate a full verb in English. Always use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to do) for negations.
I played football.
I didn't play football.
He didn't play football.
Questions:
Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to do).
Did you play football?

Belajar Bahasa Inggris

1. Simple Present/Present Simple

Simple Present

Summary

Use

Signal words

Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions

Spelling

Special verbs

Diagram

Long forms and short forms

Simple Present - Complex Test 1 Complex Test 2

Exercises - Simple Present

Use

1) repeated actions

My friend often draws nice posters.

2) things in general

The sun rises in the East.

3) fixed arrangements, scheduled events

The plane flies to London every Monday.

4) actions in the present - one follows after the other

First I get up, then I have breakfast.

5) instructions

Open your books at page 34.

6) with special verbs

I understand English.

 

Signal words

every day, often, always, sometimes, never

Form

infinitive (3rd person singular he, she, it: infinitive + -s)

Examples

Affirmative sentences:

I read books.	My brother reads books.
We sing pop songs.	She sings pop songs.
I play handball.	John plays handball.

Negative sentences:

You must not negate a full verb in English. Always use the auxiliary do for negations.

I		like	computers.
I	don't	like	computers at all.

My friend		likes	computers.
My mum	doesn't	like	computers at all.

Questions:

Use the auxiliary do.
Do you play football?
Does he play football?

Imbas Gempa Jepang Terhadap Perekonomian Global

VIVAnews – Perusahaan-perusahaan yang beroperasi di Jepang mulai menaksir kerugian yang mereka alami, pasca gempa dan tsunami yang mengguncang bagian timur laut negeri itu.
Segera sesudah gempa, sebagian besar perusahaan di Jepang mengevakuasi karyawan dan menutup pabrik-pabriknya.  Adanya pegawai yang terluka dan kerusakan pada pabrik telah dilaporkan.  Tapi belum diketahui dampak gempa pada berbagai jaringan distribusi barang.

Seperti dikutip dari International Herald Tribune, dampak gempa bumi pada perekonomian Jepang masih belum jelas.  “Masih membutuhkan waktu yang panjang agar sistem transportasi dan distribusi dapat bekerja normal,” kata Masaaki Kanno, analis JP Morgan Sekuritas yang berkantor di Tokyo.
Menurutnya, gempa Jepang menjadi pukulan berat bagi bisnis di negeri sakura tersebut, terutama di daerah-daerah yang terkena imbas paling parah

Janet Hunter, dosen Perekonomian Jepang di London School of Economics, mengatakan bahwa hampir semua infrastruktur yang berada di jalur tsunami, harus dibangun lagi dari nol, termasuk jembatan, jalan, dan rel kereta api.  Gangguan apapun pada sektor manufaktur Jepang sudah pasti akan berimbas pada perekonomian negara itu yang telah mengalami stagnasi selama dua dekade terakhir ini.

Perusahaan kargo melaporkan bahwa pelabuhan-pelabuhan utama Jepang tutup, meskipun penutupan itu lebih sebagai tindakan pencegahan.  Pelabuhan-pelabuhan utama Jepang yang sebagian besar berada di selatan Tokyo, memainkan peran penting untuk mendorong ekspor Jepang.

Ekspor Jepang – kebanyakan terdiri dari mobil, mesin, dan barang-barang buatan pabrik – meningkat sekitar 25 persen pada tahun 2010.  Ini adalah peningkatan pertama selama tiga tahun terakhir.  Dengan demikian, penutupan pelabuhan dalam jangka waktu yang lama akan mengakibatkan penundaan pengiriman barang ekspor, dan menimbulkan instabilitas pada jaringan suplai global.

Carl Weinberg, Kepala Ekonom High Frequency Economics, perusahaan riset yang berbasis di New York, menyatakan bahwa kerusakan pada negara dengan perekonomian terbesar ketiga di dunia itu akan memiliki konsekuensi lebih besar dari yang dibayangkan.

“Tidak ada cara untuk menaksir secara tepat kerugian perekonomian Jepang dan perekonomian global akibat bencana ini.  Guncangan pada perekonomian Jepang akan berdampak pada orang-orang dan bisnis apapun, di manapun mereka berada – apakah di Jepang atau New York,” kata Weinberg.

Bank sentral Jepang, dalam situsnya, mengatakan bahwa mereka akan terus menghitung kemungkinan kerugian pada operasi-operasi finansial.  Mereka menegaskan, siap untuk mengambil tindakan apabila diperlukan.
• VIVAnews