Belajar Bahasa Inggris5

Future tenses - contrasted

Future tenses
Simple Present
Present Progressive
going to-future
will-future
Exercises

1) Use
Present Progressive ; planned action in the near future
going to-future ; planned action in the future,logical consequence (sth. is going to happen)
will-future ; prediction, assumption;spontaneous action
Future Progressive ; action will definitely happen (it usually happens)
Simple Present ; future action is fixed (e.g. timetable)

There is often very little difference between the future tenses. It often depends where you live (in Britain or the USA) and when you use the sentence (in spoken or written communication).
In newsapapers we often use the will-future, when the going to-future is used in oral communication.

newspaper:
The headmaster will close the old gym.

oral:
The headmaster is going to close the old gym.

We can substitute the going to-future with the Present Progressive when using an expression of time.
She is going to see Frank at the airport at 8.30.
She is seeing Frank at the airport at 8.30.

2) Signal words
There are no unambiguous signal words for the future tenses. That's why watch the actions carefully and then define the tense.

3) Form
Present Progressive ; to be (am, are, is) + infinitive + -ing
going to-future ; to be (am, are, is) + going to + infinitive
will-future ; will + infinitive
Future Progressive ; will + be + infinitive + -ing
Simple Present ; infinitive

3rd person singular (he, she, it) infinitive + -s

4) Examples

4-1 Affirmative sentences
Present Progressive ; I am going to a party tonight.
going to-future ; We are going to fly to Leeds in summer.
will-future ; He will carry this bag for you.
Future Progressive ; They will be playing football on Sunday afternoon.
Simple Present ; The train leaves at 6.45.


4-2 Negative sentences
Present Progressive ; I am not going to a party tonight.
going to-future ; We are not going to fly to Leeds in summer.
will-future ; He will not carry this bag for you.
Future Progressive ; They will not be playing football on Sunday afternoon.
Simple Present ; The train does not leave at 6.45.


4-3 Questions
Present Progressive ; Am I going to a party tonight?
going to-future ; Are we going to fly to Leeds in summer?
will-future ; Will he carry this bag for you?
Future Progressive ; Will they be playing football on Sunday afternoon.
Simple Present ; Does the train leave at 6.45?

5) Spelling

Present Progressive ; sitting (double consonant after short vowel),
going to-future ; nothing special
will-future ;
Future Progressive ; sitting (double consonant after short vowel)
Simple Present ; watches (-es after sibilant)


Present Progressive ; writing (leave out one -e at the end)
going to-future ; nothing special
will-future ;
Future Progressive ; writing (leave out one -e at the end)
Simple Present ; goes (-es after -o)



Present Progressive ; lying (change -ie to -y)
going to-future ; nothing special
will-future ;
Future Progressive ; lying (change -ie to -y)
Simple Present ; hurries (-y to -ie after consonant)


going to-future

1) planned actions in the future
We are going to sing at the party.

2) You are certain that sth. is going to happen in the future.
Look at this car! It is going to crash into the yellow one.

Signal words
no unambiguous ones

Form
to be (am, are, is) + going to + infinitive

Examples
Affirmative sentences:
I am going to play handball.
I'm going to play handball. You are going to play handball.
You're going to play handball.

Negative sentences:
I am not going to play handball.
I'm not going to play handball. You are not going to play handball.
You're not going to play handball.
You aren't going to play handball.

Questions:
Am I going to play handball? Are you going to play handball?

ATTENTION!!
Do not mix up with the Present Progressive!

going to-future ; He's going to read the book.
Present Progressive ; He's reading the book.


will-future
Use
1) Future actions happen without the speaker's intention
The sun will shine tomorrow.

2) Predictions, assumptions
I think Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm.

3) Spontaneous actions
Hang on! I'll have a word with you.


Signal words
no unambiguous ones


Form
will + infinitive

Examples
Affirmative sentences:

He will play football.
He'll play football.

Negative sentences:

He will not play football.
He won't play football. or He'll not play football.

Questions:

Will he play football?

Teknik Praktis Menghapal

Teknik Menghapal Cepat

Apa itu teknik menghapal cepat?Teknik menghapal cepat adalah suatu cara untuk memasukkan informasi ke dalam otak (menghapal) dengan melibatkan otak kanan

A. OTAK MANUSIA. Menurut Roger Sperry otak manusia yang digunakan untuk berpikir dibagi menjadi dua belahan, yaitu otak kiri dan otak kanan.


Berdasarkan sifatnya, otak kiri bersifat short term memory (ingatan jangka pendek) dan otak kanan bersifat long term memory (ingatan jangka panjang)

B. TEKNIK MENGHAPAL CEPAT1. Memory SportPerlu kita ketahui bahwa otak manusia sama halnya dengan otot. Apabila otot tidak diolahragakan, maka otot akan lemah, tetapi sebaliknya bila diolahragakan akan kuat. Begitu juga dengan otak. Otak akan lemah bila tidak diolahragakan, dan akan kuat bila diolahragakan. Maka itu kita perlu mengolahragakan otak kita.
Salah satu cara utk mengolahragakan otak kita adalah melalui memory sport.

Langkah - langkah memory sport;
1. Menyiapkan tempat dengan menggunakan site sistem
2. Menyiapkan kata - kata yang akan diingat
3. Menyimpan kata - kata tersebut pada tempat yg tlh ditetapkan
4. Memanggil kata - kata yg tlh disimpan berdasarkan langkah ke-3

Alokasi wkt utk mengingat adlh 2 menit. Bila anda sudah bisa mengingat 25 kata dalam waktu 2 menit, maka konsentrasi anda telah meningkat. lakukanlah memory sport ini setiap hari, maka anda akan mendapatkan manfaat yang luar biasa

2. Site SistemAdalah suatu teknik menyimpan informasi secara teratur dg cara menempatkan informasi yg akan kita ingat (hafal) pada tempat - tempat yg tlh ditetapkan
cara membuat site sistem;
1. Tempat harus yg sudah dikenal oleh kita
2. Tempat harus dpt dilihat dg jelas
3. Tempat dibagi menjadi beberapa area
4. Tempat harus bisa dibayangkan

3. Relation SistemAdalah suatu teknik utk mengingat informasi dg cara menghubungkan informasi yang satu dengan informasi yg lainnya dg aksi. Relation sistem dipakai utk menghapal yg berpasangan seperti vocabulary, nama negara dan ibu kotanya, nama sungai dan provinsinya, dsbg

Contoh penggunaan aksi dalam relation sistem;
Uang masuk kedalam kipas
Roda menabrak ember
Kucing makan rujak

Masuk kedalam, menabrak, dan makan adalah aksinya. Aksi tsbt adalah sbg klu / pemicu utk menarik informasi yg ada didepannya, sehingga informasi yg ada didepannya tidak lupa

4. Story SistemAdalah teknik utk mengingat informasi dg cara menghubungkan informasi yg satu dg informasi yg lainnya menjadi sebuah cerita
Contoh;
Burung - baju - awan - coca cola - gunung - kelinci - pistol - buaya - pohon - kawah

Cara menghapal;
Bayangkan!
Burung memakai baju terbang ke awan minum coca cola terbang lagi ke gunung ketemu kelinci yang membawa pistol utk menembak buaya yg tidur dibawah pohon di dekat kawah
5. Mnemonic
Adalah teknik menghapal yg bersifat abstrak dg cara mengubah kata abstrak tsbt menjadi benda konkrit yg bisa dibayangkan
Mnemonic dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu;
1. Sistem gambaran adalah suatu teknik menghapal informasi yg abstrak dg cara menggambarkan kata abstrak tsbt menjadi sesuatu yg konkrit. utk menggambarkannya bisa dg kegiatan, sesuatu yg terkenal seperti orang, makanan, dll.

contoh:
Gembira digambarkan dg org yg sedang bergembira
Jogya digambarkan dg Borobudur
Jakarta digambarkan menjadi monas

2. Sistem persamaan bunyi, adalah suatu teknik utk menghapal informasi berdasarkan persamaan bunyinya

Contoh :
Singapura menjadi singa
Irak menjadi rak


Sumber Artikel http://www.informasikita.co.cc/2011/01/teknik-menghapal-cepat.html#ixzz1GRU8Gre1

Belajar Bahasa Inggris4

Present Perfect
Present Perfect
Summary
Use
Signal words
Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions
Spelling
Special verbs
Diagram
Long forms and short forms

Present Perfect - Complex Test 1
Exercises - Present Perfect

Present Perfect - Use
1) Result of an action in the past is important in the present
I have cleaned my room.

2) Recently completed action
He has just played handball.

3) Action beginning in the past and still continuing
We have lived in Canada since 1986.

4) together with lately, recently, yet
I have been to London recently.

Signal words
just, yet, never, already, ever, so far, up to now, recently, since, for

Form
have/has + past participle

Examples
Affirmative sentences:
I have played football.
I've played football. You have played football.
You've played football.

Negative sentences:
I have not played football.
I've not played football.
I haven't played football. You have not played football.
You've not played football.
You haven't played football.

Questions:
Have I played football? Have you played football?