Belajar Bahasa Inggris5

Future tenses - contrasted

Future tenses
Simple Present
Present Progressive
going to-future
will-future
Exercises

1) Use
Present Progressive ; planned action in the near future
going to-future ; planned action in the future,logical consequence (sth. is going to happen)
will-future ; prediction, assumption;spontaneous action
Future Progressive ; action will definitely happen (it usually happens)
Simple Present ; future action is fixed (e.g. timetable)

There is often very little difference between the future tenses. It often depends where you live (in Britain or the USA) and when you use the sentence (in spoken or written communication).
In newsapapers we often use the will-future, when the going to-future is used in oral communication.

newspaper:
The headmaster will close the old gym.

oral:
The headmaster is going to close the old gym.

We can substitute the going to-future with the Present Progressive when using an expression of time.
She is going to see Frank at the airport at 8.30.
She is seeing Frank at the airport at 8.30.

2) Signal words
There are no unambiguous signal words for the future tenses. That's why watch the actions carefully and then define the tense.

3) Form
Present Progressive ; to be (am, are, is) + infinitive + -ing
going to-future ; to be (am, are, is) + going to + infinitive
will-future ; will + infinitive
Future Progressive ; will + be + infinitive + -ing
Simple Present ; infinitive

3rd person singular (he, she, it) infinitive + -s

4) Examples

4-1 Affirmative sentences
Present Progressive ; I am going to a party tonight.
going to-future ; We are going to fly to Leeds in summer.
will-future ; He will carry this bag for you.
Future Progressive ; They will be playing football on Sunday afternoon.
Simple Present ; The train leaves at 6.45.


4-2 Negative sentences
Present Progressive ; I am not going to a party tonight.
going to-future ; We are not going to fly to Leeds in summer.
will-future ; He will not carry this bag for you.
Future Progressive ; They will not be playing football on Sunday afternoon.
Simple Present ; The train does not leave at 6.45.


4-3 Questions
Present Progressive ; Am I going to a party tonight?
going to-future ; Are we going to fly to Leeds in summer?
will-future ; Will he carry this bag for you?
Future Progressive ; Will they be playing football on Sunday afternoon.
Simple Present ; Does the train leave at 6.45?

5) Spelling

Present Progressive ; sitting (double consonant after short vowel),
going to-future ; nothing special
will-future ;
Future Progressive ; sitting (double consonant after short vowel)
Simple Present ; watches (-es after sibilant)


Present Progressive ; writing (leave out one -e at the end)
going to-future ; nothing special
will-future ;
Future Progressive ; writing (leave out one -e at the end)
Simple Present ; goes (-es after -o)



Present Progressive ; lying (change -ie to -y)
going to-future ; nothing special
will-future ;
Future Progressive ; lying (change -ie to -y)
Simple Present ; hurries (-y to -ie after consonant)


going to-future

1) planned actions in the future
We are going to sing at the party.

2) You are certain that sth. is going to happen in the future.
Look at this car! It is going to crash into the yellow one.

Signal words
no unambiguous ones

Form
to be (am, are, is) + going to + infinitive

Examples
Affirmative sentences:
I am going to play handball.
I'm going to play handball. You are going to play handball.
You're going to play handball.

Negative sentences:
I am not going to play handball.
I'm not going to play handball. You are not going to play handball.
You're not going to play handball.
You aren't going to play handball.

Questions:
Am I going to play handball? Are you going to play handball?

ATTENTION!!
Do not mix up with the Present Progressive!

going to-future ; He's going to read the book.
Present Progressive ; He's reading the book.


will-future
Use
1) Future actions happen without the speaker's intention
The sun will shine tomorrow.

2) Predictions, assumptions
I think Sue will arrive in Paris at 6 pm.

3) Spontaneous actions
Hang on! I'll have a word with you.


Signal words
no unambiguous ones


Form
will + infinitive

Examples
Affirmative sentences:

He will play football.
He'll play football.

Negative sentences:

He will not play football.
He won't play football. or He'll not play football.

Questions:

Will he play football?